About 33% of industrial emissions (~10% of global emissions) come from oxidizing a fossil fuel to make electricity for industry. Half of these emissions are from heating (e.g. electric arc furnaces) and half are from driven systems (e.g. crushing, milling, mixing, conveying, electrochemistry).

Combusting a fossil fuel for a non-electricity use is responsible for about 25% of industrial greenhouse gas emissions (~7.5% of global emissions). >99% of this emissions category comes from directly heating chemical reactors (e.g. blast furnaces or kilns) and <1% is a result of combusting fuel to drive motors.

About 13% of industrial emissions (~4% of global emissions) are in this category. These emissions are produced when a carbon-based fuel is used as a chemical reductant in the production of a material. A good example of energy-process emissions is the reaction in a steel blast furnace where iron ore reacts with carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide (waste greenhouse gas) and pig iron.

About 22% of industrial emissions (~7% of global emissions) are in this category. Non-energy process emissions occur when a greenhouse gas is produced as a direct result of the chemistry, but not from the use of a chemical reducing agent. The largest example is the production of cement which produces carbon dioxide as a waste product from the thermal decomposition of limestone to make lime which is an intermediate product in cement.